ICOMOS MEMBERS
NEW Australia ICOMOS Annual Report
The Annual Report is now available to view here
AICOMOS Annual General Meeting | Hobart/Hybrid Online | 5.30 pm AEDT 17 November 2023
The 2023 AGM will be held in person at the Cascades Female Factory Hobart and online via zoom.
At 4pm there is a tour of the Cascades Female Factory and the formal meeting will begin at 5.30pm AEDT.
Please email the secretariat with your attendance (either in person or online) or apology and proxy. All financial members should have received an email with the AGM documents.
If you are a financial member and have not received these documents, please email the secretariat asap: austicomos@deakin.edu.au
***
Expression of Interest (EOI) invited: Securing the Next ICOMOS Generation: Transitioning the Advisory Committee
During the Advisory Committee meeting in 2020 a recommendation was passed to seek volunteers to shadow and support the work of the Advisory Committee Officers (ACOs) in driving the work of the ACOs and implementing the recommendation of the 2020 Advisory Committee meeting. The programme was launched during 2021, and has been immensely successful and helpful to the elected ACOs, enabling a great deal of work to be achieved, including the development of the 2021-24 Triennial Scientific Plan and the ICOMOS Carbon Reduction Strategy.
This initiative aims to: i) facilitate and encourage ICOMOS members to share, experience and support the role of the Advisory Committee and the work of the ACOs; ii) to share the lively debate and experience and iii) increase the pool of future candidates standing for election as ACOs; and iv) to help support and increase the efficiency of the work done by the Advisory Committee and ACOs.
We are now relaunching the call for volunteers, both to augment the original volunteers, and to match the volunteers to the new projects and activities in the AdCom Officers Work Plan 2024.
Assisting Advisory Committee Volunteers (AAVs) will be working directly with the ACOs to implement the current work plan which includes support to ICOMOS organisational and scientific coordination, and development. Assignments are varied and include- amongst others – the development of the Triennial Scientific Plan, working on the Sustainability and Communications Task Force, and liaison with ICOMOS Working Groups.
The next group of Advisory Committee Officers (ACOs) will be elected in 2024. If you are interested in joining the ACOs at work and learning about their activities before standing for election, the 2023/4 AAV cycle is your chance to get experience in advance of that election. The development of the next Triennial Scientific Plan is starting. The 2023 AdCom and GA meetings also generated a wide range of recommendations and resolutions that could inform our work.
Please circulate this call for Expressions of Interest (EOI) amongst your own committee(s), inviting your members to actively volunteer to support the work of the Advisory Committee. It is a great way to get to know the ICOMOS network, professionally rewarding and fun.
Application
The Assisting Advisory Committee Volunteer (AAV) EOIs should take the form of a brief email including a short description (250 words) about your professional background, any past roles with ICOMOS, other relevant experience and your particular spheres of interest. These will be matched as closely as possible to the work in hand.
Some Volunteers may be required for specific meetings only, whereas others may be invited to support ongoing projects, activities or programmes. Please indicate which you would prefer to be considered for.
Interested FULL ICOMOS members, should send (or resend if repeat volunteering) their EOI to: Deirdre Mc Dermott mcdermottde@gmail.com
***
ICOMOS Full International Membership: Electronic cards (E-cards)
You can now download your membership card from your profile in the ICOMOS International membership database. In order to do this, you must:
- have renewed your 23/24 membership
- have uploaded a picture on your profile in the membership database.
ICOMOS_e-cards: How to upload a picture on your profile.
Please email the Secretariat (austicomos@deakin.edu.au) if there are any problems.
***
CALL FOR SUBMISSIONS
NEW NSW Government Community War memorials Fund applications now open
Applications for round 2 of the NSW Government’s Community War Memorials Fund 2023/24 have opened.
Eligible organisations including local councils and community groups can apply online for grants of up to $10,000 to conserve local war memorials.
Further information about the Community War Memorials Fund can be found on the NSW Office for Veterans Affairs website here.
***
The International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works (IIC) and Routledge announce a new open research publishing partnership
The International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works (IIC), the independent international body supporting conservators and cultural heritage conservation professionals around the world, and leading Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences (HSS) publisher Routledge, have partnered to launch a special open research publishing Collection – a first for the sector.
This special online Collection is hosted on Routledge Open Research, the world’s first open research publishing Platform specifically for the HSS community, which combines, articles, and other research outputs in one interdisciplinary venue. The publishing venue utilizes the publishing model, technology and knowledge pioneered by leading open research publisher F1000 to provide HSS scholars with a rapid and transparent publishing venue, whilst also giving authors the opportunity to increase the discoverability, accessibility and reach of their research.
The IIC Collection explores and shares research and perspectives of ‘conservation and leadership’ from different contexts, including changing contexts and emerging contexts, as well as visions for future leadership within the field of cultural heritage conservation.
***
CONFERENCE / SYMPOSIUM
International Festival of Luoghi Parlanti (Talking Places), The World in Florence | Hybrid | 21-23 November 2023, CEST
We are pleased to invite you to participate in the third edition of the International Festival of Luoghi Parlanti (Talking Places), The World in Florence, which will be held again this year in a hybrid format (in-person and remote), in Florence, from November 21st to 23rd, 2023.
The previous editions in 2021 and 2022 brought together over 140 speakers from 37 countries across 5 continents to share and compare their experiences and attend high-level interventions in the field of cultural and natural heritage.
Throughout our over thirty-year history, we have emphasized how cultural heritage is a powerful tool for uniting people worldwide and can strongly contribute to sustainable territorial development and peaceful coexistence. The issues of the contemporary world, such as the effects of climate change and war, make these activities of comparison more and more necessary, finding synergies between the world of theory and that of practice, in order to direct all activities towards more sustainable and ethical practices.
Therefore, Festival participants (universities, local administrations, cultural operators, and businesses) will be called upon to tell the story of their territories through a storytelling of their traditional knowledge and cultural, tangible, intangible, and natural heritage, making the Festival a place for exchanging and sharing good practices from all over the world, where they can interact with various categories of interlocutors.
We trust that you share the goals of the Festival and that you will want to participate and contribute to the knowledge and enhancement of your territory and its spirit. We invite you to download the participation call at www.theworldinflorence.com
***
WORKSHOPS / COURSES / EVENTS / EXHIBITIONS
NEW 2023 Sydney Talk Series – The Past and Future of the Binishell
In 1974 the Department of Public Works began a comprehensive program of new school buildings using a radical concrete dome technology pioneered by Italian architect Dr Dante Bini. In total 14 schools received Binishells or multi-shell complexes. The reinforced concrete thin-shell structure of the Binishells were lifted and shaped by air pressure in a 3 day construction period. The program included 18-metre diameter shells or shell complexes, generally used as libraries, and 36-metre diameter multipurpose centres, often used as gymnasiums. In 2021 three of the remaining Binishells were included on the NSW State Heritage Register. Alberto Pugnale, from The University of Melbourne will join us to talk about the book he co-authored; Architecture beyond the Cupola- Inventions and Designs of Dante Bini 2023. The book provides the first comprehensive overview on Dante Bini’s work and thoroughly explores Bini’s pneumatic constructions and the form-resistant Binishell through the decades. In this talk Alberto will present the original archival material and the extensive representations of Bini’s projects and constructions gathered in the book. Matt Devine, conservation architect and lecturer at University of Sydney, was a member of the team engaged in 2019 to assess the 10 Binishells remaining in NSW schools. Matt will provide an overview of the condition of the shells, the decisions around which shells to retain and how the subsequent listing of the Binishells was negotiated.
Time & Date: Tuesday 28th November 2023, 5.30pm for 6pm start Cost: Students $10, Members $15, Non-Members $20, all payable through Eventbrite Book here
Venue: NBRS Architecture, Level 2, 4 Glen Street, Milsons Point, 2061
RSVP by Friday 24th November 2023
***
NEW Japan Architecture Art & Design Tours
TOKYO “MODERN” ARCHITECTURE TOUR
2 – 9 MARCH 2024
This tour will visit some fascinating buildings from the MODERN movement located in and around Tokyo designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, Le Corbusier, Kunio Maekawa, Kenzo Tange and other famous Japanese Architects. Visit traditional Japanese buildings and explore the connection of Japanese aesthetics with Modern architecture. Enjoy Japanese culture, architecture, art and design, see international art exhibitions and much more.
The tour is personally conducted by Australian architect, former Japan resident and Japan expert, Robert Day meaning that you will get the full benefit of Robert’s more than 30 year association with Japan.
DETAILS: https://www.robertdaytravel.com/tokyo-modern-architecture-tour
CONTACT US for more information or to book: https://www.robertdaytravel.com/contact
JAPAN “CHERRY BLOSSOM ART, ARCHITECTURE & DESIGN” TOUR
16 -26 MARCH 2024
Immerse yourself in Art, Architecture, Design and Japanese Culture during the wonderful Cherry Blossom season. The tour will travel the bustling metropolis of Tokyo, the former samurai town of Kanazawa and the ancient city of Kyoto visiting galleries, museums and other places of architectural, design and cultural interest. Not just a typical sightseeing tour, but a full experience of Japanese design and artistic expression offering the opportunity to visit many significant UNESCO World Heritage and Important Japanese cultural sites. The tour is personally conducted by Australian architect, former Japan resident and Japan expert, Robert Day meaning that you will get the full benefit of Robert’s more than 30 year association with Japan.
DETAILS: https://www.robertdaytravel.com/2024-cherry-blossom-tour
CONTACT US for more information or to book: https://www.robertdaytravel.com/contact
TOKYO URBAN SKETCHING TOUR
9 – 16 March 2024
This tour offers the opportunity to learn about and improve your Urban Sketching skills in the incredible city of Tokyo, a city full of contradictions where old and new, ancient and modern are juxtaposed, making it an ideal backdrop for urban sketching workshops conducted by Australian Urban Sketcher, Peter Richards. This tour is not just about urban sketching but will also combine visits to museums, galleries and other significant places around Tokyo to learn about Japanese history, culture and design.
DETAILS: https://www.robertdaytravel.com/tokyo-urban-sketching-tour
CONTACT US for more information or to book: https://www.robertdaytravel.com/contact
***
The latest Discoveries and Findings from Ancient Egypt | Chau Chak Wing Museum | Camperdown | 7.30-8.30 pm 17 November 2023
Learn more about the many precious finds excavated by Egyptian hands, including tombs containing mummified remains, statues, coffins, and funerary furniture, and how these valuable findings are contributing to our understanding of ancient Egyptian history.
The Latest Discoveries and Findings from ancient Egypt’
***
Longford Academy announces its 2024 program
The Longford Academy will be offering three courses in 2024: our Summer School in February, our regular Autumn session in May, as well as a special course on the Analysis and Conservation of Applied Finishes. For details get the flyer here, or email: info@longfordacademy.org.au
***
National Trust Victoria | Door Joinery workshop with Ian Goddard | Cheltenham | 1-5 pm 24 November 2023
Join us in a private joinery business for a workshop that will cover an introduction to working with timber and the construction, assembly and repair of traditional doors. As this event is mostly lecture based, no prior skills are required to attend. However, those with carpentry experience who would like to understand more about how to work on traditional doors will find this workshop particularly rewarding.
The session will end with a Q and A with the instructor, Ian Goddard, who has over 35 years’ experience in joinery and cabinet making in both in Australia and the United Kingdom where he originally trained. All participants receive digital certificates of completion at the conclusion of the workshop.
A minimum of 5 bookings are required in order for this event to go ahead. The workshop will be held in Cheltenham, address provided at time of booking.
This workshop is an initiative of the National Trust of Australia (Victoria) to use conservation works projects at our properties to demonstrate best conservation practice and create meaningful learning opportunities for trades, professionals and the general public.
Book here
***
Online focus group invitation – giving weight to heritage in wider public policy, Kate Clarke PhD Candidate
You invited to take part in an online focus group around heritage in wider public policy. The results will contribute to a PhD project on embedding cultural heritage in wider public policy supported by Australia ICOMOS.
The workshops will all be held online at 5-6.15 pm AEDT. The dates and topics are:
- Environmental policy and heritage – Wednesday 22nd November
- Economic policy and heritage – Tuesday 28th November
- Heritage in planning policy – Monday 4th December
- Health/social policy and heritage – Wednesday 6th December
Kate will briefly introduce the topic, but the main purpose is to understand AICOMOS members thoughts on the role of cultural heritage in that policy area.
If you are interested in taking part, please email austicomos@deakin.edu.au with your preferred choice of workshop/s and we will send further details. Numbers for each workshop will be limited.
***
Sydney Open Series presented by Museums of History NSW | Various Locations | Various dates 2023
Introducing the Sydney Open Series
We are excited to launch the Sydney Open Series, a year-round calendar of programs that offers you exclusive access to industry experts on history, architecture, design innovation, sustainability and heritage. The series will give you the opportunity to tour our city’s iconic buildings, while gaining insights into their design, significance and history.
Previously known as the Sydney Open Focus Tours, the Sydney Open Series will offer inspiring and informative talks, workshops and focus tours presented regularly throughout the year.
The series is kicking off with three tours and a talk over the coming months
The Seidler Office & Penthouse Tour
Harry Seidler & Associates offices, Sunday 19 November, 10am–11am and 11.30am–12.30pm
Join Polly Seidler on a tour of the Seidler offices and walk through the connecting door from the meeting room into the stunning penthouse apartment, now occasionally used as guest accommodation for visiting artists and architects.
Members $36, non-members $45 Seidler Office & Penthouse tour (mhnsw.au)
Sails, Octopuses, and Telescopic Cranes
Museum of Sydney, Thursday 7 December, 6pm–8pm
Join us for an evening celebrating the construction of the Sydney Opera House through a talk, panel discussion and virtual reality experience. Members $12, Non Members $15 Sails, Octopuses, and Telescopic Cranes (mhnsw.au)
***
PUBLICATIONS/NEWSLETTERS/SURVEYS
NEW Inquiry into ACT’s Heritage arrangements
The Standing Committee on Environment, Climate Change and Biodiversity has released its Report 9: Inquiry into ACT’s heritage arrangements.
A link to the report can be found here: https://www.parliament.act.gov.au/parliamentary-business/in-committees/recent-reports
***
Games for Collections an Introductory Guide | PhD Research Survey
Members may wish to contribute to this research:
My name is Sophia and I am reaching out as a PhD researcher with the University of South Australia, who is interested in gathering the perspectives of professionals within the Australian collections sector (Galleries, Libraries, Archives, and Museums) on educational games.
My work revolves around creating an introductory ‘how-to’ guide for educational game development for and by Australian collections institutions, with a strong industry-facing focus. This guide will incorporate considerations of time, technical ability, and cost, and seeks to promote the development of more games for learning within the Australian sector.
I am currently recruiting participants for a study into professional perspectives on games and their use as educational tools in collections, as well as gathering input on what would be useful to include into said ‘introductory’ guide.
If you have 5 minutes to spare, and work or volunteer in any capacity at an Australian collection (including in research), please consider contributing your perspectives to this work through the following survey:
https://unisasurveys.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_3PmQG3LZ81rX1NI
If you would like to know more about my research or how your collection could be involved, I would love to hear from you. Please feel free to contact me through my project website or LinkedIn.
If you have specific experience making a game for a museum (it doesn’t have to be educational!) and have time for a short interview, you could also consider contributing to Nellie Seale’s research at the University of Melbourne.
***
Future directions of the Victorian Heritage Register – Invitation to have your say!
The Victorian Heritage Register protects heritage places and objects that are significant to the history and development of the State of Victoria.
The Heritage Council of Victoria is reviewing the coverage of the Register and wants to understand the cultural heritage most valued by the Victorian community today.
We are inviting your feedback: What is well represented in the Register? What are the gaps? What aspects of Victoria’s heritage would you like prioritised in the next decade?
Please help shape the future of the Victorian Heritage Register by taking 10 minutes to complete an online survey at the link below.
https://engage.vic.gov.au/VHR_Future_Directions
The survey will close on 17 December 2023.
A summary of all feedback received will be published on the Heritage Council of Victoria website next year.
***
Australia’s Earliest Timber Houses – Online Free Publications
A collection of books and articles published by Chris and Deborah Hallam have been made available online: www.hawkesburysettlement.com. This collection relates to the NSW Hawkesbury region and to early timber houses in Australia.
***
ARC funded project – Heritage and Reconciliation – World Heritage survey
Members may wish to contribute to this survey being conducted by Professor Laurajane Smith, Dr Laura Mayer and colleagues.
This research project called Heritage and Reconciliation has been funded by the Australian Research Council, the project brings together Indigenous and non-Indigenous researchers from Indigenous Studies, Heritage Studies and Peace Studies. We are from The Australian National University; The University of Technology Sydney; The University of Tasmania; Takarangi Research (New Zealand), and the University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne (England). The project aims to understand the complex inter-relationship between heritage and reconciliation. It brings together Australian First Nation, Māori and Western intellectual traditions to focus on two case studies: the repatriation of Indigenous Ancestral Remains, and World Heritage in Australia and New Zealand.
Information about the project can be found here
Access Survey Here
***
Heritage Victoria Survey regarding amendments to the Heritage Act 2017
The Heritage Amendment Bill 2023 was passed by Parliament earlier this year. The amendments contained in the Bill come into effect on 1 February 2024 or earlier by proclamation.
More information about the amendments can be found here: https://www.heritage.vic.gov.au/about-us/news/news-stories/changes-to-the-heritage-act-2017
Notable changes include:
- New process: exclusion applications that allow for an application to exclude a place from the Victorian Heritage Register for a period of 5 years on the basis that it has no reasonable prospect of inclusion in the Victorian Heritage Register.
- Creation of the Minor Permit Amendment application – an application to make minor amendments to issued permits, which doesn’t incur a fee.
- Introduction of statutory timeframes for decisions on archaeological consents and reintroduction of the requirement to notify the Executive Director of intent to undertake an investigation or survey of land.
- Making searchable, online access to the Victorian Heritage Register and Victorian Heritage Inventory a legislative requirement.
- Replacing ‘days’ with ‘business days’ in all statutory applications/timeframes for permit applications.
Heritage Victoria would like to hear from you about how you would like to receive information about the amendments.
Please complete the short survey below to let us know your thoughts.
Survey link: https://forms.office.com/r/hy4ewzJv82
***
Comparing built heritage management systems in Australia and Germany survey – Bond University
Members may wish to contribute to this survey being conducted by Bond University.
The aim of this research is to investigate the interests and concerns of stakeholders involved in built heritage conservation, based on the four overarching principal themes listed below (Items 3 to 6). This survey is directed at heritage professionals, policy-makers, decision-makers, researchers and volunteers of built heritage. For the purposes of this study, we are defining built heritage as including individual and groups of historic buildings, monuments, sites and other places of significance.
This online survey should take between 30 to 40 minutes to complete. The research areas covered within the project are the following:
- Screening question;
- Participant background information;
- Regulatory and decision-making processes;
- ESG values in heritage assessment standards;
- Private property and heritage conservation incentives;
- Digitisation and built heritage conservation.
Link to survey
***
SITUATIONS VACANT / WANTED
TENANT SOUGHT | For ERYLDENE Flat | Sydney | Applications reviewed upon submission
The accommodation comprises two charming rooms, bathroom, large linen cupboard, and shared use of the western loggia, kitchen and laundry which are also used for Eryldene activities. And the world renowned garden is all around, outside your window and at your doorstep for your enjoyment. https://www.eryldene.org.au/
Contact eryldene@eyldene.org.au to register your interest.
***
SITUATION VACANT Experienced Heritage Consultant | Biosis Newcastle | Applications open until position filled
We have an excellent opportunity for a Experienced Heritage Consultant in our Wollongong office.
As a key member of our team, you will have the chance to contribute your expertise to a variety of exciting projects. Your primary focus will be working on Aboriginal archaeology and historical archaeology projects, particularly the development of Aboriginal Due Diligence Assessments, Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Assessments, Historical Heritage Assessments, Statement of Heritage Impacts and archaeological reports.
The successful candidate will also have experience in undertaking archaeological survey, test, and salvage excavations. Experience in preparing interpretation strategies, cultural values assessments or similar assessments would be highly valued, as would recognition as an Excavation Director in NSW, (but not essential).
To apply, please submit your CV and cover letter to recruitment@biosis.com.au addressing how you meet the below selection criteria:
- Appropriate tertiary qualifications in Archaeology (Honours level or equivalent preferred).
- A minimum of 2 years’ of experience in either consulting with a focus on historical archaeology and/or Aboriginal cultural heritage.
- Project management skills, including managing small budgets and delivery within set timeframes.
- Sound proposal and report writing skills.
- Understanding of Commonwealth and NSW legislation and guidelines.
- Willingness to undertake periods of fieldwork in both urban and remote locations.
***
SITUATION VACANT Experienced Heritage Consultant | Biosis Woolongong | Applications open until position filled
We have an excellent opportunity for a Experienced Heritage Consultant in our Wollongong office.
As a key member of our team, you will have the chance to contribute your expertise to a variety of exciting projects. Your primary focus will be working on Aboriginal archaeology and historical archaeology projects, particularly the development of Aboriginal Due Diligence Assessments, Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Assessments, Historical Heritage Assessments, Statement of Heritage Impacts and archaeological reports.
The successful candidate will also have experience in undertaking archaeological survey, test, and salvage excavations. Experience in preparing interpretation strategies, cultural values assessments or similar assessments would be highly valued, as would recognition as an Excavation Director in NSW, (but not essential).
***
SITUATION VACANT | Heritage Consultant | Edwards Heritage Consultants (EHC) | Full-time | Sydney | Applications reviewed upon submission
An exciting opportunity exists for an experienced and self-motivated Heritage Consultant to join our small, dedicated and respected practice on a full-time basis within the historic and adaptively re-used Windsor fire station in northwest Sydney, undertaking some exciting and challenging projects.
We are seeking someone with excellent written and verbal communication skills and a passion for heritage within the built environment. You’ll have experience in preparing complex heritage management documentation, a demonstrated ability to provide responsible, rational and creative expert heritage advice, and a good understanding of heritage legislation and the NSW heritage system generally.
Reporting to the Director, you’ll work on a varied and exciting project portfolio, including undertaking and managing site inspections and other related fieldwork. Ideally, you will have 2-5 years experience in heritage management and conservation practice, with a background in architecture, planning, archaeology, or other similar and relevant fields.
The role will be supported by a small team of highly experienced heritage experts and is a fantastic position for the right person, with opportunities to develop new skills and professional development.
Interested in this fantastic career opportunity and want to join our team? We’d love to hear from you! Send us an email and include your resume and a cover letter addressing the key requirements. If you wish to have a confidential discussion about the role or EHC, introduce yourself by email at enquiry@edwardsheritage.com.au. All applications will be treated in the strictest of confidence.
Please check the job description here
***
SITUATION VACANT | Archaeologist/Heritage Consultant | GML Heritage | Full-time/Part-time | Canberra | Applications remain open until the position is successfully filled
GML Heritage seeks an experienced Archaeologist and heritage professional to join our Canberra consulting team. Expressions of interest from all suitably qualified and experienced candidates are encouraged, including those who require added flexibility – hybrid/remote working options and flexible working hours (e.g., part time, compressed hours etc) are possible. This role will feed your passion for Aboriginal heritage, cultural and historical heritage, and archaeology. Technical proficiency in these areas coupled with your mature communication and project management skills will help you deliver quality outcomes for heritage, clients, and community stakeholders. Experience in Aboriginal community consultation, historical archaeology, and Graphical Information System (GIS) mapping is highly desirable.
Click here for more information and to apply.
***
GET SOCIAL! CLICK ON THE ICONS BELOW TO LIKE & FOLLOW
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Disclaimer: Opinions expressed in the Australia ICOMOS Email News are not necessarily those of Australia ICOMOS Inc. or its Executive Committee. The text of Australia ICOMOS Email news is drawn from various sources including organizations other than Australia ICOMOS Inc. The Australia ICOMOS Email news serves solely as an information source and aims to present a wide range of opinions which may be of interest to readers. Articles submitted for inclusion may be edited.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Australia ICOMOS Secretariat
Deakin University
221 Burwood Highway
Burwood VIC 3125
Telephone: (03) 9251 7131
Email: austicomos@deakin.edu.au
http://www.icomos.org/australia
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|